勝手にHTML4.0講座 - 文字参照

勝手にHTML 4.0講座 - 文字参照

特殊な文字などの場合、表現することができなかったり、直接記述できない場合があります。記述するときは、アンパサンド記号「&」で始まりセミコロン記号「;」で終了します。 HTMLの文字参照には、次の2つの形式が用意されています。

数値文字参照（十進法と十六進法の両方）。
文字実体参照。

数値文字参照

数値文字参照は、数値によって特殊な文字のコード位置を指し示すものです。数値文字参照には、2つの形式が用意されています。

[&#D;]という書き方。左記Dには十進数の数値が記入され、ユニコードの当該文字番号を参照します。
[&#xH;]または[&#XH;]という書き方。左記Hにはには十六進数の数値が記入され、ユニコードの当該文字番号を参照します。

数値文字参照の例を幾つか挙げます。

[å]（十進数）は、上に小さい丸のついた小文字の a を表す。（ノルウェー語などで使われる。）
[å]（十六進数）も、上記を表す。
[&#Xe5;]（十六進数）もまた、上記を表す。
[И]（十進数）は、キリル文字の大文字の I を表す。
[水]（十六進数）は、みず [water] を意味する漢字を表す。

文字実体参照

HTMLでは、より直感的に理解しやすい文字参照の方法として、文字実体参照が利用できます。文字実体参照は、符号名による文字参照なので、いちいち数値コードを記憶する必要がなくなります。例えば、[å]は[aリング]を参照するものですが、数値文字参照[å]より覚えやすいでしょう。そして文字実体参照は、大文字小文字を区別します。従って、[Å]と[å]は違う文字を参照します。

HTML4.0では、複数の実体参照セットをサポートしています。

拡張版ISO 8859-1(Latin-1)文字集合。ISO 8859-1全ての文字を含み、[ ][©][®]が追加されています。
一般記号、数学記号、ギリシア文字。
マークアップ用記号、国際化文字。

以下では、これら文字実体参照、数値文字参照の一覧を示します。 [字]には実際に文字参照を使って表示してあるので、ブラウザで表示できるか確認できます。

ISO 8859-1

文字実体参照	数値文字参照	字	文字名
	&#160		no-break space
¡	&#161	¡	inverted exclamation mark
¢	&#162	¢	cent sign
£	&#163	£	pound sign
¤	&#164	¤	currency sign
¥	&#165	¥	yen sign
¦	&#166	¦	broken bar
§	&#167	§	section sign
¨	&#168	¨	deaeresis
©	&#169	©	copyright sign
ª	&#170	ª	feminine ordinal indicator
«	&#171	«	left-pointing double angle quotation mark
¬	&#172	¬	not sign
	&#173		soft hyphen
®	&#174	®	registered sign
¯	&#175	¯	macron
°	&#176	°	degree sign
±	&#177	±	plus-minus sign
²	&#178	²	superscript two
³	&#179	³	superscript three
´	&#180	´	acute accent
µ	&#181	µ	micro sign
¶	&#182	¶	pilcrow sign
·	&#183	·	middle dot
¸	&#184	¸	cedilla
¹	&#185	¹	superscript one
º	&#186	º	masculine ordinal indicator
»	&#187	»	right-pointing double angle quotation mark
¼	&#188	¼	vulgar fraction one quarter
½	&#189	½	vulgar fraction one harf
¾	&#190	¾	vulgar fraction three quarters
¿	&#191	¿	inverted question mark
À	&#192	À	latin capital letter A with grave
Á	&#193	Á	latin capital letter A with acute
Â	&#194	Â	latin capital letter A with circumflex
Ã	&#195	Ã	latin capital letter A with tilde
Ä	&#196	Ä	latin capital letter A with diaeresis
Å	&#197	Å	latin capital letter A with ring above
Æ	&#198	Æ	latin capital letter AE
Ç	&#199	Ç	latin capital letter C with cedilla
È	&#200	È	latin capital letter E with grave
É	&#201	É	latin capital letter E with acute
Ê	&#202	Ê	latin capital letter E with circumflex
Ë	&#203	Ë	latin capital letter E with diaeresis
Ì	&#204	Ì	latin capital letter I with grave
Í	&#205	Í	latin capital letter I with acute
Î	&#206	Î	latin capital letter I with circumflex
Ï	&#207	Ï	latin capital letter I with diaeresis
Ð	&#208	Ð	latin capital letter ETH
Ñ	&#209	Ñ	latin capital letter N with tilde
Ò	&#210	Ò	latin capital letter O with grave
Ó	&#211	Ó	latin capital letter O with acute
Ô	&#212	Ô	latin capital letter O with circumflex
Õ	&#213	Õ	latin capital letter O with tilde
Ö	&#214	Ö	latin capital letter O with diaeresis
×	&#215	×	multiplication sign
Ø	&#216	Ø	latin capital letter O with stroke
Ù	&#217	Ù	latin capital letter U with grave
Ú	&#218	Ú	latin capital letter U with acute
Û	&#219	Û	latin capital letter U with circumflex
Ü	&#220	Ü	latin capital letter U with diaeresis
Ý	&#221	Ý	latin capital letter Y with acute
Þ	&#222	Þ	latin capital letter THORN
ß	&#223	ß	latin small letter sharp s
à	&#224	à	latin small letter a with grave
á	&#225	á	latin small letter a with acute
â	&#226	â	latin small letter a with circumflex
ã	&#227	ã	latin small letter a with tilde
ä	&#228	ä	latin small letter a with diaeresis
å	&#229	å	latin small letter a with ring above
æ	&#230	æ	latin small letter ae
ç	&#231	ç	latin small letter c with cedilla
è	&#232	è	latin small letter e with grave
é	&#233	é	latin small letter e with acute
ê	&#234	ê	latin small letter e with circumflex
ë	&#235	ë	latin small letter e with diaeresis
ì	&#236	ì	latin small letter i with grave
í	&#237	í	latin small letter i with acute
î	&#238	î	latin small letter i with circumflex
ï	&#239	ï	latin small letter i with diaeresis
ð	&#240	ð	latin small letter eth
ñ	&#241	ñ	latin small letter n with tilde
ò	&#242	ò	latin small letter o with grave
ó	&#243	ó	latin small letter o with acute
ô	&#244	ô	latin small letter o with circumflex
õ	&#245	õ	latin small letter o with tilde
ö	&#246	ö	latin small letter o with diaeresis
÷	&#247	÷	division sign
ø	&#248	ø	latin small letter o with stroke
ù	&#249	ù	latin small letter u with grave
ú	&#250	ú	latin small letter u with acute
û	&#251	û	latin small letter u with circumflex
ü	&#252	ü	latin small letter u with diaeresis
ý	&#253	ý	latin small letter y with acute
þ	&#254	þ	latin small letter thorn with
ÿ	&#255	ÿ	latin small letter y with diaeresis

一般記号数学記号ギリシア文字

文字実体参照	数値文字参照	字	文字名
&fnof;	&#402	ƒ	latin small f with hook
Α	&#913	Α	greek capital letter alpha
Β	&#914	Β	greek capital letter beta
Γ	&#915	Γ	greek capital letter gamma
Δ	&#916	Δ	greek capital letter delta
Ε	&#917	Ε	greek capital letter epsilon
Ζ	&#918	Ζ	greek capital letter zeta
Η	&#919	Η	greek capital letter eta
Θ	&#920	Θ	greek capital letter theta
Ι	&#921	Ι	greek capital letter iota
Κ	&#922	Κ	greek capital letter kappa
Λ	&#923	Λ	greek capital letter lambda
Μ	&#924	Μ	greek capital letter mu
Ν	&#925	Ν	greek capital letter nu
Ξ	&#926	Ξ	greek capital letter xi
Ο	&#927	Ο	greek capital letter omicron
Π	&#928	Π	greek capital letter pi
Ρ	&#929	Ρ	greek capital letter rho
Σ	&#931	Σ	greek capital letter sigma
Τ	&#932	Τ	greek capital letter tau
Υ	&#933	Υ	greek capital letter upsilon
Φ	&#934	Φ	greek capital letter phi
Χ	&#935	Χ	greek capital letter chi
Ψ	&#936	Ψ	greek capital letter psi
Ω	&#937	Ω	greek capital letter omega
α	&#945	α	greek small letter alpha
β	&#946	β	greek small letter beta
γ	&#947	γ	greek small letter gamma
δ	&#948	δ	greek small letter delta
ε	&#949	ε	greek small letter epsilon
ζ	&#950	ζ	greek small letter zeta
η	&#951	η	greek small letter eta
θ	&#952	θ	greek small letter theta
ι	&#953	ι	greek small letter iota
κ	&#954	κ	greek small letter kappa
λ	&#955	λ	greek small letter lambda
μ	&#956	μ	greek small letter mu
ν	&#957	ν	greek small letter nu
ξ	&#958	ξ	greek small letter xi
ο	&#959	ο	greek small letter omicron
π	&#960	π	greek small letter pi
ρ	&#961	ρ	greek small letter rho
&sigmaf;	&#962	ς	greek small letter final sigma
σ	&#963	σ	greek small letter sigma
τ	&#964	τ	greek small letter tau
υ	&#965	υ	greek small letter upsilon
φ	&#966	φ	greek small letter phi
χ	&#967	χ	greek small letter chi
ψ	&#968	ψ	greek small letter psi
ω	&#969	ω	greek small letter omega
&thetasym;	&#977	ϑ	greek small letter theta symbol
&upsih;	&#978	ϒ	greek upsilon with hook symbol
ϖ	&#982	ϖ	greek pi symbol
•	&#8226	•	bullet
…	&#8230	…	horizontal ellipsis
′	&#8242	′	prime
″	&#8243	″	double prime
&oline;	&#8254	‾	overline
&frasl;	&#8260	⁄	fraction slash
&weierp;	&#8472	℘	script capital P
&image;	&#8465	ℑ	blackletter capital I
&real;	&#8476	ℜ	blackletter capital R
™	&#8482	™	trade mark sign
&alefsym;	&#8501	ℵ	alef symbol
←	&#8592	←	leftwards arrow
↑	&#8593	↑	upwards arrow
→	&#8594	→	rightwards arrow
↓	&#8595	↓	downwards arrow
↔	&#8596	↔	left right arrow
&crarr;	&#8629	↵	downwards arrow with corner leftwards
⇐	&#8656	⇐	leftwards double arrow
&uArr;	&#8657	⇑	upwards double arrow
⇒	&#8658	⇒	rightwards double arrow
&dArr;	&#8659	⇓	douwards double arrow
⇔	&#8660	⇔	left right double arrow
∀	&#8704	∀	for all
∂	&#8706	∂	partial differential
∃	&#8707	∃	there exists
∅	&#8709	∅	empty set
∇	&#8711	∇	nabla
∈	&#8712	∈	element of
∉	&#8713	∉	not an element of
&ni;	&#8715	∋	contains as member
∏	&#8719	∏	n-ary product
∑	&#8721	∑	n-ary sumation
−	&#8722	−	minus sign
&lowast;	&#8727	∗	asterisk operator
√	&#8730	√	square root
&prop;	&#8733	∝	proportional to
∞	&#8734	∞	infinity
&ang;	&#8736	∠	angle
&and;	&#8743	∧	logical and
&or;	&#8744	∨	logical or
∩	&#8745	∩	intersection
∪	&#8746	∪	union
∫	&#8747	∫	integral
&there4;	&#8756	∴	therefore
&sim;	&#8764	∼	tilde operator
&cong;	&#8773	≅	approximately equal to
≈	&#8776	≈	almost equal to
≠	&#8800	≠	not equal to
&equiv;	&#8801	≡	identical to
≤	&#8804	≤	less-than or equal to
≥	&#8805	≥	greater-than or equal to
⊂	&#8834	⊂	subset of
⊃	&#8835	⊃	superset of
&nsub;	&#8836	⊄	not a subset of
&sube;	&#8838	⊆	subset of or equal to
&supe;	&#8839	⊇	superset of or equal to
&oplus;	&#8853	⊕	circled plus
&otimes;	&#8855	⊗	circled times
&perp;	&#8869	⊥	up tack
⋅	&#8901	⋅	dot operator
&lceil;	&#8968	⌈	left ceiling
&rceil;	&#8969	⌉	right ceiling
&lfloor;	&#8970	⌊	left floor
&rfloor;	&#8971	⌋	right floor
&lang;	&#9001	⟨	left-pointing angle bracket
&rang;	&#9002	⟩	right-pointing angle bracket
&loz;	&#9674	◊	lozenge
&spades;	&#9824	♠	black spade suit
&clubs;	&#9827	♣	black club suit
&hearts;	&#9829	♥	black heart suit
&diams;	&#9830	♦	black diamond suit

マークアップ記号と国際化文字

文字実体参照	数値文字参照	字	文字名
"	&#34	"	quotation mark
&	&#38	&	ampersand
<	&#60	<	less-than sign
>	&#62	>	greater-than sign
&OElig;	&#338	Œ	latin capital ligature OE
&oelig;	&#339	œ	latin small ligature oe
&Scaron;	&#352	Š	latin capital letter S with caron
&scaron;	&#353	š	latin small letter s with caron
&Yuml;	&#376	Ÿ	latin capital letter Y with diaeresis
&circ;	&#710	ˆ	modifier letter circumflex accent
&tilde;	&#732	˜	small tilde
&ensp;	&#8194		en space
&emsp;	&#8195		em space
	&#8201		thin space
&zwnj;	&#8204	‌	zero width non-joiner
&zwj;	&#8205	‍	zero width joiner
&lrm;	&#8206	‎	left-to-right mark
&rlm;	&#8207	‏	right-to-left mark
–	&#8211	–	en dash
—	&#8212	—	em dash
‘	&#8216	‘	left single quotation mark
’	&#8217	’	right single quotation mark
&sbquo;	&#8218	‚	single low-9 quotation mark
“	&#8220	“	left double quotation mark
”	&#8221	”	right double quotation mark
&bdquo;	&#8222	„	double low-9 quotation mark
&dagger;	&#8224	†	dagger
&Dagger;	&#8225	‡	double dagger
&permil;	&#8240	‰	per mille sign
&lsaquo;	&#8249	‹	single left-pointing angle quotation mark
&rsaquo;	&#8250	›	single right-pointing angle quotation mark
€	&#8364	€	euro sign

★INDEX★

数値文字参照

文字実体参照

ISO 8859-1

一般記号 数学記号 ギリシア文字

マークアップ記号と国際化文字

一般記号数学記号ギリシア文字