勝手にHTML 4.0講座 - 文字参照

特殊な文字などの場合、表現することができなかったり、直接記述できない場合があります。 記述するときは、アンパサンド記号「&」で始まりセミコロン記号「;」で終了します。 HTMLの文字参照には、次の2つの形式が用意されています。

数値文字参照

数値文字参照は、数値によって特殊な文字のコード位置を指し示すものです。 数値文字参照には、2つの形式が用意されています。
数値文字参照の例を幾つか挙げます。

文字実体参照

HTMLでは、より直感的に理解しやすい文字参照の方法として、文字実体参照が利用できます。 文字実体参照は、符号名による文字参照なので、いちいち数値コードを記憶する必要がなくなります。 例えば、[å]は[aリング]を参照するものですが、数値文字参照[å]より覚えやすいでしょう。 そして文字実体参照は、大文字小文字を区別します。従って、[Å][å]は違う文字を参照します。

HTML4.0では、複数の実体参照セットをサポートしています。
以下では、これら文字実体参照、数値文字参照の一覧を示します。 [字]には実際に文字参照を使って表示してあるので、ブラウザで表示できるか確認できます。

ISO 8859-1

文字実体参照数値文字参照文字名
 &#160 no-break space
¡&#161¡inverted exclamation mark
¢&#162¢cent sign
£&#163£pound sign
¤&#164¤currency sign
¥&#165¥yen sign
¦&#166¦broken bar
§&#167§section sign
¨&#168¨deaeresis
©&#169©copyright sign
ª&#170ªfeminine ordinal indicator
«&#171«left-pointing double angle quotation mark
¬&#172¬not sign
­&#173­soft hyphen
®&#174®registered sign
¯&#175¯macron
°&#176°degree sign
±&#177±plus-minus sign
²&#178²superscript two
³&#179³superscript three
´&#180´acute accent
µ&#181µmicro sign
¶&#182pilcrow sign
·&#183·middle dot
¸&#184¸cedilla
¹&#185¹superscript one
º&#186ºmasculine ordinal indicator
»&#187»right-pointing double angle quotation mark
¼&#188¼vulgar fraction one quarter
½&#189½vulgar fraction one harf
¾&#190¾vulgar fraction three quarters
¿&#191¿inverted question mark
À&#192Àlatin capital letter A with grave
Á&#193Álatin capital letter A with acute
Â&#194Âlatin capital letter A with circumflex
Ã&#195Ãlatin capital letter A with tilde
Ä&#196Älatin capital letter A with diaeresis
Å&#197Ålatin capital letter A with ring above
Æ&#198Ælatin capital letter AE
Ç&#199Çlatin capital letter C with cedilla
È&#200Èlatin capital letter E with grave
É&#201Élatin capital letter E with acute
Ê&#202Êlatin capital letter E with circumflex
Ë&#203Ëlatin capital letter E with diaeresis
Ì&#204Ìlatin capital letter I with grave
Í&#205Ílatin capital letter I with acute
Î&#206Îlatin capital letter I with circumflex
Ï&#207Ïlatin capital letter I with diaeresis
Ð&#208Ðlatin capital letter ETH
Ñ&#209Ñlatin capital letter N with tilde
Ò&#210Òlatin capital letter O with grave
Ó&#211Ólatin capital letter O with acute
Ô&#212Ôlatin capital letter O with circumflex
Õ&#213Õlatin capital letter O with tilde
Ö&#214Ölatin capital letter O with diaeresis
×&#215×multiplication sign
Ø&#216Ølatin capital letter O with stroke
Ù&#217Ùlatin capital letter U with grave
Ú&#218Úlatin capital letter U with acute
Û&#219Ûlatin capital letter U with circumflex
Ü&#220Ülatin capital letter U with diaeresis
Ý&#221Ýlatin capital letter Y with acute
Þ&#222Þlatin capital letter THORN
ß&#223ßlatin small letter sharp s
à&#224àlatin small letter a with grave
á&#225álatin small letter a with acute
â&#226âlatin small letter a with circumflex
ã&#227ãlatin small letter a with tilde
ä&#228älatin small letter a with diaeresis
å&#229ålatin small letter a with ring above
æ&#230ælatin small letter ae
ç&#231çlatin small letter c with cedilla
è&#232èlatin small letter e with grave
é&#233élatin small letter e with acute
ê&#234êlatin small letter e with circumflex
ë&#235ëlatin small letter e with diaeresis
ì&#236ìlatin small letter i with grave
í&#237ílatin small letter i with acute
î&#238îlatin small letter i with circumflex
ï&#239ïlatin small letter i with diaeresis
ð&#240ðlatin small letter eth
ñ&#241ñlatin small letter n with tilde
ò&#242òlatin small letter o with grave
ó&#243ólatin small letter o with acute
ô&#244ôlatin small letter o with circumflex
õ&#245õlatin small letter o with tilde
ö&#246ölatin small letter o with diaeresis
÷&#247÷division sign
ø&#248ølatin small letter o with stroke
ù&#249ùlatin small letter u with grave
ú&#250úlatin small letter u with acute
û&#251ûlatin small letter u with circumflex
ü&#252ülatin small letter u with diaeresis
ý&#253ýlatin small letter y with acute
þ&#254þlatin small letter thorn with
ÿ&#255ÿlatin small letter y with diaeresis

一般記号 数学記号 ギリシア文字

文字実体参照数値文字参照文字名
ƒ&#402ƒlatin small f with hook
Α&#913Αgreek capital letter alpha
Β&#914Βgreek capital letter beta
Γ&#915Γgreek capital letter gamma
Δ&#916Δgreek capital letter delta
Ε&#917Εgreek capital letter epsilon
Ζ&#918Ζgreek capital letter zeta
Η&#919Ηgreek capital letter eta
Θ&#920Θgreek capital letter theta
Ι&#921Ιgreek capital letter iota
Κ&#922Κgreek capital letter kappa
Λ&#923Λgreek capital letter lambda
Μ&#924Μgreek capital letter mu
Ν&#925Νgreek capital letter nu
Ξ&#926Ξgreek capital letter xi
Ο&#927Οgreek capital letter omicron
Π&#928Πgreek capital letter pi
Ρ&#929Ρgreek capital letter rho
Σ&#931Σgreek capital letter sigma
Τ&#932Τgreek capital letter tau
Υ&#933Υgreek capital letter upsilon
Φ&#934Φgreek capital letter phi
Χ&#935Χgreek capital letter chi
Ψ&#936Ψgreek capital letter psi
Ω&#937Ωgreek capital letter omega
α&#945αgreek small letter alpha
β&#946βgreek small letter beta
γ&#947γgreek small letter gamma
δ&#948δgreek small letter delta
ε&#949εgreek small letter epsilon
ζ&#950ζgreek small letter zeta
η&#951ηgreek small letter eta
θ&#952θgreek small letter theta
ι&#953ιgreek small letter iota
κ&#954κgreek small letter kappa
λ&#955λgreek small letter lambda
μ&#956μgreek small letter mu
ν&#957νgreek small letter nu
ξ&#958ξgreek small letter xi
ο&#959οgreek small letter omicron
π&#960πgreek small letter pi
ρ&#961ρgreek small letter rho
ς&#962ςgreek small letter final sigma
σ&#963σgreek small letter sigma
τ&#964τgreek small letter tau
υ&#965υgreek small letter upsilon
φ&#966φgreek small letter phi
χ&#967χgreek small letter chi
ψ&#968ψgreek small letter psi
ω&#969ωgreek small letter omega
ϑ&#977ϑgreek small letter theta symbol
ϒ&#978ϒgreek upsilon with hook symbol
ϖ&#982ϖgreek pi symbol
•&#8226bullet
…&#8230horizontal ellipsis
′&#8242prime
″&#8243double prime
‾&#8254overline
⁄&#8260fraction slash
℘&#8472script capital P
ℑ&#8465blackletter capital I
ℜ&#8476blackletter capital R
™&#8482trade mark sign
ℵ&#8501alef symbol
←&#8592leftwards arrow
↑&#8593upwards arrow
→&#8594rightwards arrow
↓&#8595downwards arrow
↔&#8596left right arrow
↵&#8629downwards arrow with corner leftwards
⇐&#8656leftwards double arrow
⇑&#8657upwards double arrow
⇒&#8658rightwards double arrow
⇓&#8659douwards double arrow
⇔&#8660left right double arrow
∀&#8704for all
∂&#8706partial differential
∃&#8707there exists
∅&#8709empty set
∇&#8711nabla
∈&#8712element of
∉&#8713not an element of
∋&#8715contains as member
∏&#8719n-ary product
∑&#8721n-ary sumation
−&#8722minus sign
∗&#8727asterisk operator
√&#8730square root
∝&#8733proportional to
∞&#8734infinity
∠&#8736angle
∧&#8743logical and
∨&#8744logical or
∩&#8745intersection
∪&#8746union
∫&#8747integral
∴&#8756therefore
∼&#8764tilde operator
≅&#8773approximately equal to
≈&#8776almost equal to
≠&#8800not equal to
≡&#8801identical to
≤&#8804less-than or equal to
≥&#8805greater-than or equal to
⊂&#8834subset of
⊃&#8835superset of
⊄&#8836not a subset of
⊆&#8838subset of or equal to
⊇&#8839superset of or equal to
⊕&#8853circled plus
⊗&#8855circled times
⊥&#8869up tack
⋅&#8901dot operator
⌈&#8968left ceiling
⌉&#8969right ceiling
⌊&#8970left floor
⌋&#8971right floor
⟨&#9001left-pointing angle bracket
⟩&#9002right-pointing angle bracket
◊&#9674lozenge
♠&#9824black spade suit
♣&#9827black club suit
♥&#9829black heart suit
♦&#9830black diamond suit

マークアップ記号と国際化文字

文字実体参照数値文字参照文字名
"&#34"quotation mark
&&#38&ampersand
&lt;&#60<less-than sign
&gt;&#62>greater-than sign
&OElig;&#338Œlatin capital ligature OE
&oelig;&#339œlatin small ligature oe
&Scaron;&#352Šlatin capital letter S with caron
&scaron;&#353šlatin small letter s with caron
&Yuml;&#376Ÿlatin capital letter Y with diaeresis
&circ;&#710ˆmodifier letter circumflex accent
&tilde;&#732˜small tilde
&ensp;&#8194en space
&emsp;&#8195em space
&thinsp;&#8201thin space
&zwnj;&#8204zero width non-joiner
&zwj;&#8205zero width joiner
&lrm;&#8206left-to-right mark
&rlm;&#8207right-to-left mark
&ndash;&#8211en dash
&mdash;&#8212em dash
&lsquo;&#8216left single quotation mark
&rsquo;&#8217right single quotation mark
&sbquo;&#8218single low-9 quotation mark
&ldquo;&#8220left double quotation mark
&rdquo;&#8221right double quotation mark
&bdquo;&#8222double low-9 quotation mark
&dagger;&#8224dagger
&Dagger;&#8225double dagger
&permil;&#8240per mille sign
&lsaquo;&#8249single left-pointing angle quotation mark
&rsaquo;&#8250single right-pointing angle quotation mark
&euro;&#8364euro sign

★INDEX★